This is a comprehensive tool for determining the power output, revenue, and torque of either a horizontal-axis (HAWT) or vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT).

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This topic has been expanded to include more detail on well drilling and completion operations.

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This topic has been updated to include additional information on the cost of the clean-up.

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This topic has been updated to include current information on worldwide oil supply and demand.

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This topic combines several previous topics that focused on a single technology and shows the four major types of deepwater platform systems - semisubmersibles, tension leg platforms, spars, and floating production storage and offloading vessels.

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The topic has been updated to include 2022 information on EV vs ICE vehicle equivalent MPG results.

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The topic has been updated to include 2024 data on crude oil production by region in the US.

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Gasoline is manufactured as a product of the petroleum refining process. This process starts with crude oil and separates out the different types of hydrocarbons through what is called fractional distillation. Fractional distillation takes advantage of the fact that different hydrocarbon components, each of which has a different application and different number of carbon atoms in a molecule, are progressively heavier and have progressively higher boiling points. The petroleum is heated to approximately 400 deg C (750 deg F), at which temperature it has become a mixture of liquid and vapor. This mixture, called the feedstock, is introduced into the refining tower...

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The University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems provides a variety of fact sheets, research publications, and education resources based on its 30 years of interdisciplinary research across the spectrum of global sustainability challenges.

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Links are provided for The University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems STEM education resources.

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